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One of the hardest parts of being diagnosed with
prostate cancer is often not due to the cancer itself. Treatment for prostate
cancer can bring on a host of side effects, from incontinence to hot flashes.
Learning how to cope with the side effects associated with your prostate cancer
treatment will help you be fully prepared in your fight against this common
male malignancy.
Incontinence
Incontinence is
defined as a loss of bladder control. It is a common side effect of prostate
surgery or radiation therapy used to treat prostate cancer. It may be temporary
or last for a while. You can manage your incontinence by strengthening your
pelvic-area muscles with exercises before and after prostate surgery. Another
option is to use bed pads and bed linens to protect your clothing and mattress
while you sleep. Your doctor can also prescribe medication to help treat your
incontinence.
Hot Flashes
Hot flashes are sudden
feelings of heat that last about four minutes. They can vary in severity and
frequency, and are a side effect of prostate cancer treatments that reduce
levels of male hormones. There are steps you can take to manage your hot
flashes. Try wearing loose-fitting clothes, opening up windows in your home,
using fans to keep cool, or practicing meditation techniques, including deep
breathing.
Sexual Dysfunction
Sexual
dysfunction, also known as erectile dysfunction, refers to the inability to
maintain an erection to participate in sexual activity. Erectile dysfunction
can result from prostate surgery, radiation or hormone therapy when treating
prostate cancer. Know that it is normal to feel uncomfortable discussing this
issue with your doctor, but doing so can help you treat this side effect and
help you regain a healthy sex life.
Weight Gain
Weight gain is a
less common side effect that can occur from prostate cancer treatment that
reduces testosterone levels in men. Luckily, there are various ways to help you
lose those extra pounds and stay healthy during your treatment, including a
healthy diet of foods low in calories and fat, like fruit and whole grains. Your
doctor may also suggest exercising for at least 30 to 60 minutes daily, if
possible.
Increased Cholesterol Levels
Increased
cholesterol levels are another side effect of prostate cancer treatment that
reduces testosterone levels. This can include increased levels of total
cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-C (known as “bad” cholesterol), as well as a
decrease in HDL-C (“good” cholesterol). To lower your cholesterol levels,
consume foods that are low in saturated fats and high in healthy fats, such as
olive oil and fish. Exercising regularly will also help to decrease your
cholesterol levels during your treatment.
Penis or Scrotum Shrinkage
Approximately 50% of men who have prostate surgery
are at risk for penis shrinkage. With this side effect, the penis can shorten
anywhere from 0.2 inches to 1.6 inches. Be sure to discuss with your surgeon before
surgery how likely it is that this side effect may occur.
Talking With Your Physician
Before, during and
after prostate cancer treatment, know that you can talk to your physician about
how to manage side effects. He or she may be able to adjust treatment to reduce
the number of side effects or make them more tolerable. There is no need to
suffer in silence or feel embarrassed. Remember communication is key, and your
doctor is there to help you stay as comfortable as possible while you receive
treatment.